技术 / Oracle
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ORACLE 数据库DG搭建练习

1. 基本环境

参数 主库 备库
IPv4 172.15.1.65 172.15.0.55
HOSTNAME it-epc-db it-dms67
SID orcl orcl
UDBNAME orcl orcldg

2. 先决条件检查

2.1 先确认主库是运行在归档模式：

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select name,log_mode from v$database;

2.2 是否安装了DG模块：

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select * from v$option where parameter = 'Oracle Data Guard';

2.3 DNS解析

在主库及备库配置HOST文件，确认都可以使用主机名PING通对方

2.4 配置主库强制记录日志：

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alter database force logging;

2.5 配置在主库添加或者删除数据文件时，这些文件也会在备份添加或删除：

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alter system set standby_file_management='AUTO'

2.6 查看主库当前REDO文件数及大小：（standby log 大小需与当前一致）

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select group#,bytes/1024/1024 as M from v$log;

2.7 计算所需STANDBY日志数：

(每线程的日志组数+1)最大线程数
所以本次需要创建standby logfile数目=(3+1)1=4

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alter database add standby logfile group  11 'F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\DG\standby11.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group  12 'F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\DG\standby12.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group  13 'F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\DG\standby13.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group  14 'F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\DG\standby14.log' size 50M;

2.8 生成主库密码文件：

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orapwd file=F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\DATABASE\PWDORCL.ora password=oracle  --（实际环境使用了复杂密码，这里是举例）

2.9 检查REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE值是否为 EXCLUSIVE

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show parameter REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE;

如果值不是EXCLUSIVE，则：

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alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive scope=spfile;

2.10 把密码文件拷贝到从库相应的位置；

2.11生成 standby 控制文件：（在MOUNT状态下进行）

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shutdown immediate
startup mount
alter database create standby controlfile as 'F:\app\Administrator\oradata\standby_control01.ctl';
startup open;

2.12 在备库建立对应的目录

2.13 设置主库的 db_unique_name 为 orcl，从库为 orcldg

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show parameter db_unique_name
alter system set db_unique_name=orcl scope=spfile;

2.14 配置主库的监听

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SID_LIST_LISTENER=
     (SID_LIST =
  (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
  )
     )
LISTENER =
   (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
     (DESCRIPTION =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = it-epc-db)(PORT = 1521))
     )
   )

2.15 配置 tnsnames

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ORCL =
   (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS_LIST =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = it-epc-db)(PORT = 1521))
     )
     (CONNECT_DATA =
       (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
     )
   )
 
 ORCLDG =
   (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS_LIST =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = it-dms67)(PORT = 1521))
     )
     (CONNECT_DATA =
       (SERVICE_NAME = orcldg)
     )
   )

2.16 将监听配置文件及TNS文件拷贝到备库对应的位置，并修改监听配置文件

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SID_LIST_LISTENER
   (SID_LIST =
     (SID_DESC =
        (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcldg)
        (ORACLE_HOME = F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
        (SID_NAME = orcl)
      )
    )


LISTENER =
   (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
     (DESCRIPTION =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = it-dms67)(PORT = 1521))
     )
   )

2.17 配置主库归档文件位置及参数

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alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=F:\arch\orcl  valid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl' scope=spfile; 
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcldg lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role)   
db_unique_name=orcldg';

2.18 配置 FAL_SERVER

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alter system set FAL_SERVER='orcldg';

2.19 Data Guard 配置里的另外一个库的名字

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alter system set log_archive_config = 'dg_config=(orcl,orcldg)';

2.20 生成PFILE文件：

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create pfile from spfile;

2.21 检查生成的参数文件

将参数文件拷贝到备库，并修改下面的各项：

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*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_unique_name='orcldg'
*.fal_server='orcl'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcldg,orcl)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=F:\arch\orcl valid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcldg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl'

2.22 创建备库SPFIEL

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create spfile from pfile;

2.23 传输主库数据文件到备库指定位置

2.24 创建备库实例

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oradim -new -sid orcl -startmode m

2.25 启用物理备用数据库

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startup nomount
alter database mount standby database;

2.26 启动 redo 应用

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ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

2.27 启动主库：

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startup
# Data Guard, Oracle DB
NBU异机还原ORACLE数据库练习
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